Student Loan Blog : state budget cuts

Despite Down Economy, College Student Aid Still Thriving

Student Loan Girl — Tue, 24 Mar 2009 00:18:00 GMT

In economic downturns, colleges and universities become flooded with students of all ages looking to better prepare themselves for an increasingly competitive job market. But these schools haven’t been immune to the effects of today’s recession.

Fortunately, for every recent economic downturn in higher education — tuition hikes, state budget cuts, scholarship and grant cutbacks, and a fluctuating student loan market — there’s also been a tangible upside (“Glimmer of Hope for Student Aid in a Bad Economy,” USA Today, March 19, 2009).

Tuition Assistance

Downside: Public colleges have increased tuition by 4 percent per year over the past 10 years, and many schools are set to bump up tuition even more this year as they face unprecedented state budget cuts.

Upside: Federal stimulus money should help some public colleges to better cope with the loss of state funding and to minimize any increases in tuition. The state of Maryland is hoping to go a fourth-straight year without in-state tuition increases. Other colleges are offering one-time deals to students; Kent State University in Ohio is offering laid-off workers a one-time tuition and application waiver at its Trumbull campus, and Manchester College in Georgia is offering to refund one year of tuition for students who aren’t able to secure a job or admission to grad school within six months after graduation.

Institutional Aid

Downside: Trouble in the stock market has caused colleges’ endowments to drop 25 percent in value this year, which has severely hampered schools’ ability to offer scholarships.

Upside: Despite their endowment losses, more than 90 percent of the nation’s private colleges and universities will be increasing financial aid next year by 9.8 percent to make up for 4-percent tuition increases, according to the National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities.

Government Grants

Downside: Aid for merit scholarships has taken one of the biggest hits this year, primarily due to state budget cuts.

Upside: The federal stimulus package has increased the maximum award for Pell Grants — federal financial aid for low-income students — from $4,731 to $5,350 for the coming academic year and to $5,500 for the 2010–2011 academic year. And, an additional 800,000 students are expected to receive Pell Grant funding this year.

Federal Student Loan Programs

Downside: The $50 billion Federal Family Education Loan Program — the government program that provides federal student loans to more than 10 million students through third-party lenders — has been the larger of the two federal student loan programs. But over the past two years, the FFEL program has lost business to the Direct Loan Program, the government’s other federal student loan program through which the U.S. Department of Education provides federal student loans directly to families, as hundreds of cash-strapped FFELP lenders have been forced to exit the program.

Upside: The FFEL program has still managed to increase its student loan volume this year, and some lenders are returning to the student loan market now that the federal government has bought nearly $25 billion in lenders’ student loan securities, providing them with the capital to make new loans. The Direct Loan Program has picked up the slack, providing an additional $7 billion in lending this year.

Private Student Loans

Downside: The overall supply of capital for private student loans is estimated to have decreased by one-third — a decrease of between $6 billion and $7 billion — due in large part to the fact that lenders have made it harder for families to qualify for private student loans.

Upside: Increased government funding for federal Stafford student loans has helped to reduce students’ reliance on private student loans. And more students are maxing out their federal financial aid before turning to private student loans, which the USA Today suggests has helped students avoid over-borrowing in private student loans.

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State Colleges Cut Staff, Programs as Budgets Slashed

Student Loan Girl — Fri, 20 Mar 2009 18:32:00 GMT

Michael Crow, the president of Arizona State University who seven years ago promised to make ASU “The New American University” and to grow the school’s enrollment to 100,000 students by 2020, could see his plans go unfulfilled because of state budget cuts, reports The New York Times (“State Colleges Also Face Cuts in Ambitions,” March 17, 2009).

Since last June, ASU has lost $88 million in state funding, which amounts to 18 percent of the university’s base budget.

“The New American University has died; welcome to the Neutered American University,” the Arizona school’s student newspaper editorialized last month after ASU announced it would be eliminating more than 500 jobs, closing 48 programs and requiring remaining employees to take 10 to 15 days of unpaid leave this spring.

While ASU students said they believe school president Michael Crow is doing his best to protect them from further funding cuts, they also said the state’s budget cuts will negatively affect the quality of their education.

ASU Not Alone, Colleges Struggling Nationwide

Public colleges across the country are experiencing layoffs, salary freezes, and even enrollment reductions as they grapple with shrinking state funding in the current recession.

The University of Florida recently eliminated 430 faculty and staff positions, the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, recently laid off around 100 employees, and the University of Vermont has eliminated 16 positions, left 22 faculty positions vacant, and frozen the salaries of certain staff, The New York Times reports.

And California’s higher education system, which serves 3.3 million students — nearly 20 percent of college student nationwide — is among the nation’s college systems hardest hit by this recession. Both the University of California system and the California State University system have lost hundreds of millions of dollars in state funding and have been forced to shrink their enrollment numbers.

“What’s happening, everywhere, is what’s happening to Michael Crow,” said Jane Wellman, executive director of the Delta Project on Postsecondary Costs, Productivity and Accountability, an organization that studies college spending. “The trend line is states disinvesting in higher education.”

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Enrollment Up at For-Profit Colleges Despite Economy

Student Loan Girl — Tue, 16 Dec 2008 17:30:00 GMT

While numerous nonprofit colleges have halted construction and are undergoing hiring freezes and other cutbacks due to the declining economy, for-profit colleges are seeing higher enrollment numbers and higher profit margins (“Economic Downturn Is a Boon for For- Profit Colleges,” The Chronicle of Higher Education, Dec. 10, 2008).

Enrollments at nine major publicly traded college companies grew faster than average for the past three years, The Chronicle of Higher Education reports, and profit margins for the current year are projected to be the highest they’ve been since 2005.

Many of the negative trends impacting the economy — state budget cuts, widespread layoffs, and a projected unemployment rate of 10 percent — may mean for-profit institutions will see even greater growth as laid-off workers return to school to gain new job skills.

Influx of Students Presents Opportunities for For-Profits

By contrast, many public and private schools have been negatively affected by state budget cuts and are struggling to accommodate new students. The California State University system, for example, recently announced that it plans to cap enrollment for the fall 2009 semester, and could turn away as many as 10,000 new students because it doesn’t have the financial resources to handle them.

For-profit institutions, on the other hand, are well positioned to benefit from the influx of new students, suggests The Chronicle. Recent changes to federal financial aid policies have made federal grants and subsidized student loans more widely available to students at for-profit schools.

And some for-profit institutions are doing so well financially they have created their own loan programs that enable them to lend directly to their students. Students who need additional funds to cover their college costs, including those with poor credit, can apply for unsubsidized private loans directly at their school, a new practice that many schools, including Corinthian Colleges, have recently initiated.

Although for-profit schools welcome the influx of new students, college administrators are concerned that the economy will not recover quickly enough for their job-seeking graduates.

To ensure that students land the positions they need, career experts like Rene Champagne, chairman of the Career College Association, say its best to begin the search process as early as possible, preferably prior to graduation.

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Government Warns: Pell Grant Program in Trouble

Student Loan Girl — Mon, 22 Sep 2008 21:47:00 GMT

Without additional taxpayer funds next year, the government’s “most important” federal financial aid program may be unable to provide Pell Grants to millions of eligible low-income students, likely pricing these students out of a higher education, according to an article in The New York Times (“Pell Grants Said to Face a Shortfall,” Sept. 17, 2008).

In a memorandum issued last week, the Department of Education warned that it predicts a $6 billion shortage for the federal Pell Grant program next year, stemming from continuous budget shortfalls and compounded by the record-high number of students qualifying for the federal Pell Grant program.

Rising tuition costs, shrinking state aid to colleges and universities, and a growing number of adults who are reenrolling in college are all putting a strain on federal financial aid resources, particularly on Pell Grants, which don’t have to be repaid. This school year alone, six million students out of the nine million who applied for federal financial aid received Pell Grants, some of the highest numbers the program has seen since its inception in 1972.

“It’s the mother of all shortfalls,” said Barmak Nassirian, associate executive director of the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers. “There’s more unmet need than anyone predicted.”

Last year Congress appropriated nearly $14 billion for the Pell Grant program, but as the troubled economy continues to force adults out of the workforce and back into the classroom, the Department of Education said it will either need to allocate more taxpayer money to the Pell Grant program or decrease the grant award amounts students can receive next year.

Should the Education Department decide to reduce Pell Grant awards, it would make an announcement detailing its decision sometime in February 2009, according to the memorandum.

“If [the Pell Grant program] is threatened, you’ll hear about it,” said Edward M. Elmendorf, senior vice president of the American Association of State Colleges and Universities. “The decibel level will be deafening.”

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