Student Loan Blog : low income students

Students Could Wave Goodbye to Merit–Based Federal Aid

Student Loan Girl — Thu, 25 Jun 2009 16:41:00 GMT

In another move to restructure the federal financial aid system, President Obama has proposed ending the government’s five-year foray into merit-based student aid and redirecting those financial aid funds to the need-based Pell Grant program, reports The Chronicle of Higher Education (“An Experiment in Merit-Based Student Aid Is Likely to End,” June 26, 2009).

The Academic Competitiveness Grant and the National Science and Mathematics Access to Retain Talent Grant programs were created by Congress in 2006 to encourage students to take academically “rigorous” coursework in high school and then choose college majors in fields with labor shortages.

Only students who are eligible for need-based Pell Grants can qualify for the Academic Competitiveness Grants, which provide $750 and $1,300 to college freshmen and sophomores respectively, and for the SMART grants, which provide $4,000 to college juniors and seniors who major in science, math, and certain foreign languages.

But so far both grant programs have fallen short of their participation projections, due in large part to the Department of Education’s failure to promote the programs, as reported by the department’s own inspector general in 2008.

The other major problem has been the programs’ vague qualification criteria, which has made it difficult for financial aid officers’ to determine award recipients. The American Council on Education, in a 2006 letter to the Department of Education, called the grant program’s guidelines “unworkable” and defined them as placing a “breathtaking administrative burden” on colleges’ financial aid officers.

Obama’s Proposal Receives Support From Education Officials

Education Department officials support the president’s proposal to make the Pell program an entitlement with annual increases tied to inflation and to raise the maximum Pell awards by $200 to $5,500 by the 2010–11 academic year because, they say, the Pell Grant program better serves low-income students than the competitiveness grant programs.

This proposal “would benefit the vast majority of the nearly six million Pell Grant recipients worldwide,” even though the annual increases amount to significantly less funding for the one in 10 students who qualify for the Academic Competitiveness and SMART grants.

Even former Secretary of Education Margaret Spellings, who crafted the merit-based programs under the Bush administration, backs the proposal.

“Do higher education officials and K-12 officials prefer free money with no strings attached? Absolutely,” Spellings said. “But if we’re trying to move the needle, putting resources behind our policy goals is a more powerful and prudent way to go."

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‘Discriminatory’ UC Admissions Policy Angers Asian Community

Student Loan Girl — Fri, 03 Apr 2009 20:58:00 GMT

A new University of California admissions policy intended to increase the diversity of the school system’s student body may actually do the opposite, boosting the number of white students while decreasing the size of the Asian population, reports the San Jose Mercury News (“New UC Admissions Policy Gives White Students a Better Chance, Angers Asian-American Community,” March 27, 2009).

Under this new admissions policy, the UC system no longer requires the SAT subject tests, which Asians tend to excel at and which many low-income and minority students do not take, and places more weight on the SAT reasoning test, which tends to favor the white student population in admissions.

Community leaders and educators have characterized the new policy as poorly publicized, ill-conceived, and discriminatory. “It’s affirmative action for whites,” said Ling-chi Wang, a professor at UC-Berkeley. “I’m really outraged ... and profoundly disappointed with the institution.”

Although Asians currently make up only 12 percent of California’s state population, they represent 37 percent of the UC system’s admissions population — the school system’s single largest ethnic group — but may only end up comprising 7 percent of the UC system under the new policy, according to UC’s own estimate.

The admissions rate for white students, on the other hand, may rise by as much as 10 percent, while the number of black students would go up a negligible amount, and the number of Latino students would only modestly increase, Asian activists pointed out at a recent higher education conference in San Francisco.

UC administrators say that they’ve struggled to create a better cultural balance across all campuses for more than a decade in an effort to adhere to Proposition 209, which prohibited the state’s public institutions from promoting racial preference.

But this new policy has triggered a wave of suspicion throughout the Asian community not seen by the UC system since the 1980s, the Mercury News reports, when a similar policy caused a decline in Asian-American undergraduate enrollment.

“I fear a general sense that there are too many Asians in the UC system,” said Patrick Hayashi, former UC associate president. “It is a fatal mistake to think it will blow over.”

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Minnesota College Students May Miss Out on Pell Grant Increase

Student Loan Girl — Thu, 05 Mar 2009 20:48:00 GMT

In spite of an increase to the maximum federal Pell Grant award of more than $800 — mandated by President Obama’s stimulus plan — Minnesota college students may not receive a single percent increase in funds due to the way the state distributes its Pell Grant awards, the Minnesota Daily reports (“Students Aren’t Guaranteed Pell Grant Increase,” March 2, 2009).

In Minnesota, federal Pell Grants — which are awarded to low-income students based on need — are linked to state grants. Historically, when a larger amount of Pell Grant money comes into the state than was expected, the Minnesota legislature reduces state grant awards.

This exact scenario occurred a year after Minnesota received a Pell Grant fund increase of $55 million in 2003. That year, the local legislature reduced state grants by about $18 million, resulting in almost 3,000 fewer students receiving state aid, according to the Minnesota Office of Higher Education.

“If [students] are getting both the state [grant] and the Pell [Grant], they’ll keep getting what they’ve always gotten, but I’m not sure if they will see any significant increase,” said Republican Sen. Claire Robling, the Senate Higher Education Committee’s ranking minority member.

Although MOHE, which distributes state aid, assures students that they should receive at least a portion of the increase from the stimulus funds, the Minnesota Senate’s Higher Education Committee members are concerned that the state’s $5 billion budget shortfall will force the state to redistribute excess student aid funds to programs that show a greater need than higher education.

At the same time that many students are wondering if they’ll ever see a portion of the $800 Pell Grant increase, University of Minnesota president Bob Bruininks says he has earmarked those funds for a different purpose. Faced with a $151 million budget cut, Bruininks is hoping that his institution will be able to use the stimulus money to hold the university’s tuition increase to 10 percent.

Rodrigo Zamith, a journalism senior at the university who receives Pell Grants, is worried about his bottom line. He’s afraid that students may start resenting state legislators if they redistribute the excess Pell Grant funds, intended for college students, to other programs.

“$800 for students matters a lot,” Zamith said. “For me, that’s two months worth of rent.”

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Bill Gates To Give Low-Income Students $70 Million In Grants

Student Loan Girl — Thu, 11 Dec 2008 00:16:00 GMT

To help ensure that low-income students can afford a college education in the midst of a recession, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is committing nearly $70 million in grants toward its goal of doubling the number of low-income students who earn a college degree or vocational credential by age 26, The New York Times reports (“Gates Grants Aim to Help Low-Income Students Finish College,” Dec. 5, 2008).

Anthony Carnevale, director of the Center on Education and the Workforce at Georgetown University, says the foundation’s latest efforts to assist low-income students couldn’t come at a more opportune time since college-educated employees are more likely to get jobs during a recession. The unemployment rate for people without a college education is generally four times as high as for those with a two- or four-year degree, he says.

Low-income students are already at a disadvantage, graduating from college at only a 25-percent rate. And a majority of the 560,000 high school students in the U.S. who graduate in the top of their class, Carnevale adds, don’t earn a degree within eight years of their high school graduation and come from families that earn less than $85,000 a year.

“We console ourselves that we’re going to be fine in the world because we have this great higher education system and all our kids are going to college,” said Hillary Pennington, who will direct the Gates Foundation’s postsecondary effort. “But [low-income students are] not finishing. That is enormously debilitating for young people.”

Foundation Proposes Far-Reaching Initiative

While the Gates Foundation — the world’s largest philanthropy — has given almost $2 billion to help U.S. high schools make needed improvements over the last eight years and dedicated another $2 billion for minority college scholarships, this is the foundation’s first endeavor into postsecondary education reform and it hopes to gain the support of other groups and organizations.

“The Gates Foundation can’t address the financial burdens by itself, but its focus on what types of programs work best may help spur action by the federal government,” said Richard Kahlenberg, a senior fellow with the Century Foundation.

If the foundation meets its goal, the number of U.S. college graduates each year would increase by 250,000.

The foundation will dedicate $33.2 million of its $70-million grant initiative to help prepare postsecondary education students to better succeed in college and $13 million in grants to assist the MDRC, a nonprofit education research organization, in expanding its performance-based scholarships for low-income college students.

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Number of Students Applying for Federal Financial Aid Goes Up Almost 20%

Student Loan Girl — Tue, 12 Aug 2008 23:21:00 GMT

While college enrollment is only expected to grow by 300,000 students this year, some 1.3 million additional college students have already applied for federal financial aid — an increase of 17 percent, according to an article in U.S. News World Report (“Financial Aid Applications Jump 17 Percent,” Aug. 11, 2008).

The U.S. Department of Education accepts the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) between January 1 and June 30 of every year. (Submitting the FAFSA is the only way undergraduates can apply for federal grants and student loans.) In the first six months of 2008, the Education Department received more than 9 million FAFSAs, up from 7.7 million in 2007.

Some financial aid experts are postulating that this increase is a sign that more students are unable to afford their school costs this year, as college tuition continues to rise, outpacing cost of living, and as high gas and food prices, along with the current credit crunch, leave families with tighter budgets and fewer financing options.

“What we are seeing is more people filling out requests for financial aid, and for those who do, more people are qualifying and the aggregate need is increasing,” says Richard Toomey, associate vice provost at Santa Clara University (“Student Aid Requests Soar as Economy Plummets,” San Francisco Chronicle, Aug. 11, 2008). “Students who haven’t needed assistance before are coming in. You had to expect that this was going to happen with all the news of companies laying off thousands of people.”

Donald Heller, director of the Center for the Study of Higher Education at Pennsylvania State University, has a different theory: He believes the surge in FAFSA submissions could simply mean that more eligible students are becoming aware of their federal financial aid options and are trying to take advantage of them.

Extensive press coverage of a potential student loan availability crisis and the news of elite institutions expanding their financial aid offerings to accommodate more low- and middle-income families may have helped encourage more students to apply this year, Heller says.

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